From Slashdot: http://games.slashdot.org/story/09/12/31/0428200/An-Inside-Look-At-Warhammer-Onlines-Server-Setup
An article at Gamasutra provides some details on the hardware Mythic uses to power Warhammer Online, courtesy of Chief Technical Officer Matt Shaw and Online Technical Director Andrew Mann. Quoting: "At any given time, approximately 2,000 servers are in operation, supporting the gameplay in WAR. Matt Shaw commented, 'What we call a server to the user, that main server is actually a cluster of a number of machines. Our Server Farm in Virginia, for example,' Mann said, 'has about 60 Dell Blade chassis running Warhammer Online — each hosting up to 16 servers. All in all, we have about 700 servers in operation at this location.' ... 'We use blade architecture heavily for Warhammer Online,' Mann noted. 'Almost every server that we deploy is a blade system. We don't use virtualization; our software is somewhat virtualized itself. We've always had the technology to run our game world across several pieces of hardware. It's application-layer clustering at a process level. Virtualization wouldn't gain us much because we already run very close to peak CPU usage on these systems.' ... The normalized server configuration — in use across all of the Mythic-managed facilities — features dual Quad-Core Intel Xeon processors running at 3 GHz with 8 GB of RAM."
Thursday, December 31, 2009
Why Coder Pay Isn't Proportional To Productivity
From Slashdot: http://developers.slashdot.org/story/09/12/23/1820214/Why-Coder-Pay-Isnt-Proportional-To-Productivity
Why Coder Pay Isn't Proportional To Productivity
"John D. Cook takes a stab at explaining why programmers are not paid in proportion to their productivity. The basic problem, Cook explains, is that extreme programmer productivity may not be obvious. A salesman who sells 10x as much as his peers will be noticed, and compensated accordingly. And if a bricklayer were 10x more productive than his peers, this would be obvious too (it doesn't happen). But the best programmers do not write 10x as many lines of code; nor do they work 10x as many hours. Programmers are most effective when they avoid writing code. An über-programmer, Cook explains, is likely to be someone who stares quietly into space and then says 'Hmm. I think I've seen something like this before.'"
Why Coder Pay Isn't Proportional To Productivity
"John D. Cook takes a stab at explaining why programmers are not paid in proportion to their productivity. The basic problem, Cook explains, is that extreme programmer productivity may not be obvious. A salesman who sells 10x as much as his peers will be noticed, and compensated accordingly. And if a bricklayer were 10x more productive than his peers, this would be obvious too (it doesn't happen). But the best programmers do not write 10x as many lines of code; nor do they work 10x as many hours. Programmers are most effective when they avoid writing code. An über-programmer, Cook explains, is likely to be someone who stares quietly into space and then says 'Hmm. I think I've seen something like this before.'"
Wednesday, December 30, 2009
Wednesday, December 23, 2009
An Open Source Compiler From CUDA To X86-Multicore
From Slashdot:
"An open source project, Ocelot, has recently released a just-in-time compiler for CUDA, allowing the same programs to be run on NVIDIA GPUs or x86 CPUs and providing an alternative to OpenCL. A description of the compiler was recently posted on the NVIDIA forums. The compiler works by translating GPU instructions to LLVM and then generating native code for any LLVM target. It has been validated against over 100 CUDA applications. All of the code is available under the New BSD license."
An Open Source Compiler From CUDA To X86-Multicore
"An open source project, Ocelot, has recently released a just-in-time compiler for CUDA, allowing the same programs to be run on NVIDIA GPUs or x86 CPUs and providing an alternative to OpenCL. A description of the compiler was recently posted on the NVIDIA forums. The compiler works by translating GPU instructions to LLVM and then generating native code for any LLVM target. It has been validated against over 100 CUDA applications. All of the code is available under the New BSD license."
Monday, December 21, 2009
X11 Server Setting No Mouse, Try AllowEmptyInput
Upon setting up FreeBSD 7.2 from 6.4, I though that unrolling the tarball would do it. I did copy xorg.conf to /etc/X11, but no luck. I then read the error log (/var/log/Xorg.0.log). After a search on wiki.x.org, I did see a reference on to how to TURN OFF all keyboard and mouse input by adding to the Section "ServeFlags"
Option "AllowEmptyInput" "True"
I reversed it to
Option "AllowEmptyInput" "False"
tc
Option "AllowEmptyInput" "True"
I reversed it to
Option "AllowEmptyInput" "False"
tc
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Fork Bomb
The bash fork() bomb
:(){ :|:& };:
This is a bash function. It gets called recursively (recursive function). This is most horrible code for any Unix / Linux box. It is often used by sys admin to test user processes limitations (Linux process limits can be configured via /etc/security/limits.conf and PAM).
Once a successful fork bomb has been activated in a system it may not be possible to resume normal operation without rebooting, as the only solution to a fork bomb is to destroy all instances of it.
Understanding :(){ :|:& };: fork() bomb code
:() - It is a function name. It accepts no arguments at all. Generally, bash function is defined as follows:
foo(){
arg1=$1
echo ''
#do_something on $arg argument
}
fork() bomb is defined as follows:
:(){
:|:&
};:
:|: - Next it call itself using programming technique called recursion and pipes the output to another call of the function ':'. The worst part is function get called two times to bomb your system.
& - Puts the function call in the background so child cannot die at all and start eating system resources.
; - Terminate the function definition
: - Call (run) the function aka set the fork() bomb.
:(){ :|:& };:
This is a bash function. It gets called recursively (recursive function). This is most horrible code for any Unix / Linux box. It is often used by sys admin to test user processes limitations (Linux process limits can be configured via /etc/security/limits.conf and PAM).
Once a successful fork bomb has been activated in a system it may not be possible to resume normal operation without rebooting, as the only solution to a fork bomb is to destroy all instances of it.
Understanding :(){ :|:& };: fork() bomb code
:() - It is a function name. It accepts no arguments at all. Generally, bash function is defined as follows:
foo(){
arg1=$1
echo ''
#do_something on $arg argument
}
fork() bomb is defined as follows:
:(){
:|:&
};:
:|: - Next it call itself using programming technique called recursion and pipes the output to another call of the function ':'. The worst part is function get called two times to bomb your system.
& - Puts the function call in the background so child cannot die at all and start eating system resources.
; - Terminate the function definition
: - Call (run) the function aka set the fork() bomb.
Sunday, December 13, 2009
OpenDarwin has Shut Down!
When did this happen? I am finally getting around to developing a mac app. I wanted to use SDL and they had a great ports collection apparently http://darwinports.opendarwin.org/ that is now GONE! Shit.
http://docs.huihoo.com/darwin/opendarwin/news/shutdown.html
http://docs.huihoo.com/darwin/opendarwin/news/shutdown.html
OpenDarwin Shutting Down
2006.07.25
OpenDarwin was originally created with the goal of providing a development environment for building and developing Mac OS X sources as well as developing a standalone Darwin OS derivative. OpenDarwin was meant to be a development community and a proving ground for fixes and features for Mac OS X and Darwin, which could be picked up by Apple for inclusion in the canonical sources. OpenDarwin has failed to achieve its goals in 4 years of operation, and moves further from achieving these goals as time goes on. For this reason, OpenDarwin will be shutting down.
Over the past few years, OpenDarwin has become a mere hosting facility for Mac OS X related projects. The original notions of developing the Mac OS X and Darwin sources has not panned out. Availability of sources, interaction with Apple representatives, difficulty building and tracking sources, and a lack of interest from the community have all contributed to this. Administering a system to host other people's projects is not what the remaining OpenDarwin contributors had signed up for and have been doing this thankless task far longer than they expected. It is time for OpenDarwin to go dark.
Project admins for all active projects have been notified, and we will be working with them to provide as seamless a transition to their new homes as possible. We don't want to boot anyone off, we will be operating the machines as usual for several months, until everyone has had a chance to move elsewhere.
We will continue to provide email and dns redirection after the machines go dark. We'll be looking at what other redirection services are needed and can be provided after hosting has ceased.
The OpenDarwin team would like to thank everyone who did contribute to the project, and our apologies to active, loyal projects that have to move.
Thanks,
- OpenDarwin Core Team and Administrators
Over the past few years, OpenDarwin has become a mere hosting facility for Mac OS X related projects. The original notions of developing the Mac OS X and Darwin sources has not panned out. Availability of sources, interaction with Apple representatives, difficulty building and tracking sources, and a lack of interest from the community have all contributed to this. Administering a system to host other people's projects is not what the remaining OpenDarwin contributors had signed up for and have been doing this thankless task far longer than they expected. It is time for OpenDarwin to go dark.
Project admins for all active projects have been notified, and we will be working with them to provide as seamless a transition to their new homes as possible. We don't want to boot anyone off, we will be operating the machines as usual for several months, until everyone has had a chance to move elsewhere.
We will continue to provide email and dns redirection after the machines go dark. We'll be looking at what other redirection services are needed and can be provided after hosting has ceased.
The OpenDarwin team would like to thank everyone who did contribute to the project, and our apologies to active, loyal projects that have to move.
Thanks,
- OpenDarwin Core Team and Administrators
Thursday, November 19, 2009
Method for "The INSECURE X11" connection
If you have already setup an ssh connection to your remote machine, then getting the X11 client application (on the remote) to show up on your (local) diplay is easy.
CAVEAT: THIS IS THE INSECURE METHOD THE SSH PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS WARNING ABOUT.
Before you login to the remote machine make sure your X11 server (Note: the server runs the display, not the programs, clients, or applications.), make sure it is listening for TCP connections. MANY X11 display managers have this turn OFF by default, John has shown how to do this in his article for gdm (gnome)
I use icewm, so I just use startx(1). As such, the following is at the end of my .login file.
echo Starting X in 3 seconds
sleep 3
startx -listen_tcp
Next, login to the remote machine and at the commandline enter:
$ export DISPLAY=192.168.123.100:0.0
then test your connection with
$ xterm
Then rather than hardcode the display add the following to your .chsrc or .bashrc file:
NOTE #1: Substitute your domainname or your IP for 192.168.123.100.
NOTE #2: Your SSH shell/terminal will not close, if you have an X application running the secure way.
NOTE #3: This method is extremely useful, if you have control of your firewall.
CAVEAT: THIS IS THE INSECURE METHOD THE SSH PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS WARNING ABOUT.
Before you login to the remote machine make sure your X11 server (Note: the server runs the display, not the programs, clients, or applications.), make sure it is listening for TCP connections. MANY X11 display managers have this turn OFF by default, John has shown how to do this in his article for gdm (gnome)
I use icewm, so I just use startx(1). As such, the following is at the end of my .login file.
echo Starting X in 3 seconds
sleep 3
startx -listen_tcp
Next, login to the remote machine and at the commandline enter:
$ export DISPLAY=192.168.123.100:0.0
then test your connection with
$ xterm
Then rather than hardcode the display add the following to your .chsrc or .bashrc file:
if [ -n "$SSH_CLIENT" ]
then
X=`echo $SSH_CLIENT | cut -f 1 -d " "`
# The insecure way
#export DISPLAY=$X:0.0
# The secure way
if [ "$X" = "192.168.123.100" ]
then
export DISPLAY=127.0.0.1:1
fi
#echo X $X
fi
NOTE #1: Substitute your domainname or your IP for 192.168.123.100.
NOTE #2: Your SSH shell/terminal will not close, if you have an X application running the secure way.
NOTE #3: This method is extremely useful, if you have control of your firewall.
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Tech World Anagrams
Tech World Anagrams
Some are better then others.
Medical Marijuana = AN IDLE JAMAICA RUM
Thomas Edison = ATOMS DO SHINE
Albert Einstein = TEN ELITE BRAINS
Microsoft = IS COMFORT
Microsoft Windows = I'D WOW CONFORMISTS
Microsoft Windows Xp = WORM DOWNS PC, SO FIX IT
Microsoft Word = IFORMWORST.DOC
Microsoft Office = IS OF COMIC EFFORT
Microsoft Vista = FASCIST OR VOMIT
Microsoft Windows Vista = OVATIONS WORM SWIFT DISC
Microsoft Windows seven = NOW SNOW-COVERED MISFITS
Sun Microsystems = COSTS MESS - MY RUIN
Sunsoft = NOT FUSS
Freebsd Unix = BURNED FIXES
Netbsd unix = BID NEXT SUN
Openbsd Unix = INDEX UP SNOB
Berkeley System Distribution = TRUSTILY. BEE'S KNEES MORBIDITY
Berkeley Software Distribution = SWEATIEST OR BROKENLY BRUTIFIED
Gnu's Not Unix = UNSUNG TOXIN & SIX GUN ON NUT
Sourceforge = OGRE OF CURSE & FORCE ROGUES
Debian Linux = I ANNEX BUILD
Redhat Linux OS = Dear! Lush Toxin = IN HOARD EXULTS
Fedore Core OS = FREE CODE OR SO
Fedore Core Linux = IF DELUXE CROONER
Linus Torvalds = STUN AVID ROLLS
Public Domain = BULIMIAC POND
Free Open Source = UP OF SERENE CORE & OPENER OF SECURE
Free Open Source Software = SUFFOCATE OR SERENE POWER & NOW USE CAREFREE POOFTERS
Free Software Foundation = NOW OF SNUFFIER TOADEATER & WORN-OUT IF TONE-DEAF FEARS
-- TOADEATER [Originally, a charlatan's helper who ate (or pretended to eat) poisonous toads so that his employer could display his prowess in expelling the poison.]
Internet Guru = TURGENT URINE
World Wide Web = BORED, IDLE? - "W.W.W."
Web Surfing = IF SNUB GREW & WIN SERF BUG
Network Solutions = NOW STINK OUT LOSER
Internic = IN CRETIN
Internet protocol = COOL! NOT INTERPRET
Internet Protocol Version Six = INTROVERT CORNIEST EXPLOSION & SO INEXPERT SILVER CONTORTION
Domain Registry Service = REVENGES TRIM IDIOCRASY & I'M ANGRIEST RE-DISCOVERY
Boarder Gateway Protocol = COWPAT OR DEROGATORY ABLE
Secure Shell = HER CLUELESS
Universal Serial Bus = ILLUSIVE AS RARE SNUB
The C Programming Language = CLEAN RAMPAGING TOUGH GERM & GLEAM HOT GRUMPING CARNAGE
T One Line = NON-ELITE
Co Location = COOL ACTION!
Server Room = ERRORS MOVE
Beowulf Cluster = WE'LL BRUTE FOCUS
Relational Database = INALTERABLE AS A TOAD
High Definition Television = OH NO! THIEVING INFIDELITIES
Music Television = SIT, VOLUME IS NICE
Blue Ray Disk = IS BULKY DEAR
Silicon Valley = SOCIAL 'N' LIVELY & Villainy Close
American Telephone And Telegraph = REPELLANT MEATHEAD OR CHEAPENING & THE PAEDOPHILE, CLEAN ARRANGEMENT
Pacific Bell = IF CLIP CABLE
Computational Chemistry = PSYCHOTIC, MEAN MUTILATOR
high speed internet = EIGHTH SERPENTINED
This is really interesting in many mythologies. Gnostic, Hundu, Egyptian, Japaneses
Now to really blow your mind!
If your wondering how some of these anagrams ring true then think about these anagrams
Who Is Answering This? = A WRITHING SHOWINESS & WIN SINISTER HOGWASH
Messages In Anagrams = A MASSAGER MANGINESS
massage is to manipulate
manginess is defined as Mean; contemptible
Anagram Studies = Sugared Stamina & ARGUED SATANISM & Grade us, I'm Satan!
Some are better then others.
Medical Marijuana = AN IDLE JAMAICA RUM
Thomas Edison = ATOMS DO SHINE
Albert Einstein = TEN ELITE BRAINS
Microsoft = IS COMFORT
Microsoft Windows = I'D WOW CONFORMISTS
Microsoft Windows Xp = WORM DOWNS PC, SO FIX IT
Microsoft Word = IFORMWORST.DOC
Microsoft Office = IS OF COMIC EFFORT
Microsoft Vista = FASCIST OR VOMIT
Microsoft Windows Vista = OVATIONS WORM SWIFT DISC
Microsoft Windows seven = NOW SNOW-COVERED MISFITS
Sun Microsystems = COSTS MESS - MY RUIN
Sunsoft = NOT FUSS
Freebsd Unix = BURNED FIXES
Netbsd unix = BID NEXT SUN
Openbsd Unix = INDEX UP SNOB
Berkeley System Distribution = TRUSTILY. BEE'S KNEES MORBIDITY
Berkeley Software Distribution = SWEATIEST OR BROKENLY BRUTIFIED
Gnu's Not Unix = UNSUNG TOXIN & SIX GUN ON NUT
Sourceforge = OGRE OF CURSE & FORCE ROGUES
Debian Linux = I ANNEX BUILD
Redhat Linux OS = Dear! Lush Toxin = IN HOARD EXULTS
Fedore Core OS = FREE CODE OR SO
Fedore Core Linux = IF DELUXE CROONER
Linus Torvalds = STUN AVID ROLLS
Public Domain = BULIMIAC POND
Free Open Source = UP OF SERENE CORE & OPENER OF SECURE
Free Open Source Software = SUFFOCATE OR SERENE POWER & NOW USE CAREFREE POOFTERS
Free Software Foundation = NOW OF SNUFFIER TOADEATER & WORN-OUT IF TONE-DEAF FEARS
-- TOADEATER [Originally, a charlatan's helper who ate (or pretended to eat) poisonous toads so that his employer could display his prowess in expelling the poison.]
Internet Guru = TURGENT URINE
World Wide Web = BORED, IDLE? - "W.W.W."
Web Surfing = IF SNUB GREW & WIN SERF BUG
Network Solutions = NOW STINK OUT LOSER
Internic = IN CRETIN
Internet protocol = COOL! NOT INTERPRET
Internet Protocol Version Six = INTROVERT CORNIEST EXPLOSION & SO INEXPERT SILVER CONTORTION
Domain Registry Service = REVENGES TRIM IDIOCRASY & I'M ANGRIEST RE-DISCOVERY
Boarder Gateway Protocol = COWPAT OR DEROGATORY ABLE
Secure Shell = HER CLUELESS
Universal Serial Bus = ILLUSIVE AS RARE SNUB
The C Programming Language = CLEAN RAMPAGING TOUGH GERM & GLEAM HOT GRUMPING CARNAGE
T One Line = NON-ELITE
Co Location = COOL ACTION!
Server Room = ERRORS MOVE
Beowulf Cluster = WE'LL BRUTE FOCUS
Relational Database = INALTERABLE AS A TOAD
High Definition Television = OH NO! THIEVING INFIDELITIES
Music Television = SIT, VOLUME IS NICE
Blue Ray Disk = IS BULKY DEAR
Silicon Valley = SOCIAL 'N' LIVELY & Villainy Close
American Telephone And Telegraph = REPELLANT MEATHEAD OR CHEAPENING & THE PAEDOPHILE, CLEAN ARRANGEMENT
Pacific Bell = IF CLIP CABLE
Computational Chemistry = PSYCHOTIC, MEAN MUTILATOR
high speed internet = EIGHTH SERPENTINED
This is really interesting in many mythologies. Gnostic, Hundu, Egyptian, Japaneses
Now to really blow your mind!
If your wondering how some of these anagrams ring true then think about these anagrams
Who Is Answering This? = A WRITHING SHOWINESS & WIN SINISTER HOGWASH
Messages In Anagrams = A MASSAGER MANGINESS
massage is to manipulate
manginess is defined as Mean; contemptible
Anagram Studies = Sugared Stamina & ARGUED SATANISM & Grade us, I'm Satan!
Friday, November 13, 2009
X Windows over ssh
Before we can get started you must enable your local X Server to recieve from the network.
To do this in Linux in edit /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf
Change:
#DisallowTCP=true
DisallowTCP=false
You will need to reboot your Linux box or restart the X-server which is more then I care to try to explain here.
ssh -R 6001:127.0.0.1:6000 sokol@remote.host.name
sokol@192.168.1.116's password: xxxxx
Last login: Fri Apr 1 12:04:48 2005 from 192.168.1.108
[sokol@localhost ~]$ xterm -display 127.0.0.1:1
-- THEN an Xterm will pop-up on your local machine.
If you install cygwin on your windows PC this will also work using the X server in cygwin, or my favorate is using Hummingbird Exceed ( I have an ancient copy I use) on windows but over the ssh on Cygwin
Works great. I can run synaptic remotely and almost all X-apps that don't do high end graphics like games or video.
To do this in Linux in edit /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf
Change:
#DisallowTCP=true
DisallowTCP=false
You will need to reboot your Linux box or restart the X-server which is more then I care to try to explain here.
ssh -R 6001:127.0.0.1:6000 sokol@remote.host.name
sokol@192.168.1.116's password: xxxxx
Last login: Fri Apr 1 12:04:48 2005 from 192.168.1.108
[sokol@localhost ~]$ xterm -display 127.0.0.1:1
-- THEN an Xterm will pop-up on your local machine.
If you install cygwin on your windows PC this will also work using the X server in cygwin, or my favorate is using Hummingbird Exceed ( I have an ancient copy I use) on windows but over the ssh on Cygwin
Works great. I can run synaptic remotely and almost all X-apps that don't do high end graphics like games or video.
How to get a password-less Putty Session
==How to get a password less Putty Session==
Putty is the virtual ssh terminal under with windows.
Download putty-sshgen
Run putty-sshgen & generate keys
Go to the putty configuration for the session you want to be passwordless.
Add an entry for the ssh private key
Session->Auth->
Login to your linux/bsd server
Add to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys the public key in the following fashion
ssh-rsa 3NzaC1yc2EAAAAA--- RANDOM CRAP HERE ---aC1yc2EAA=
Putty is the virtual ssh terminal under with windows.
Download putty-sshgen
Run putty-sshgen & generate keys
Go to the putty configuration for the session you want to be passwordless.
Add an entry for the ssh private key
Session->Auth->
Login to your linux/bsd server
Add to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys the public key in the following fashion
- add a blank line
- add "ssh-rsa" with a blank space
- add the putty-sshgen public key, without the dashes, and all on one line.
ssh-rsa 3NzaC1yc2EAAAAA--- RANDOM CRAP HERE ---aC1yc2EAA=
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Fair Use Statement
I just want to take a moment here to point out something.
Fair Use Statement
This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of issues of environmental and humanitarian significance. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.
Fair Use Statement
This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of issues of environmental and humanitarian significance. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes.
Monday, October 19, 2009
My notes on TCP/IP stacks.
Please excuse, some if this is just stuff I grabed off of web sites for further investigation.
TCP/IP stacks
Mini TCP/IP stacks.
uIP http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/index.php/Main_Page
lwIP http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/ lwIP is significantly more complex
uC/IP http://sourceforge.net/projects/ucip/ uC/IP - TCP/IP for microcontrollers
Alpine - user space TCP/IP (have source code somewhere)
----------------
> i want to move tcp/ip stack(including routing and
> netfilter) to userspace, my goal is to trace all the
> instructions involved in a firewall and router since i
> don't know how to trace these instructions inside the
> kernel. i want to get something like:
>
> incoming ip packets(a file)-->fake ISR-->tcp/ip
> stack-->outgoing ip packets( to /dev/null).
>
> my question is: is it possible and relatively easy to
> move tcp/ip stack to user space?
This comes up fairly frequently, it might be a good addition to the FAQ.
Here's my attempt at an answer culled from prior messages.
Several people have user-mode network stacks at various levels of
development, but it is *highly* unlikely for them ever to get into
the kernel proper (see the monolithic versus microkernel debate at
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/#s15-4).
Here are some URLs to which you can refer for more information:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/arsenic/
http://www.cs.nwu.edu/~pdinda/minet/minet.html
http://www.joerch.org/tcpip/
http://freshmeat.net/projects/libutcp/
However, for security purposes, you probably do not want a user-mode stack.
You want an extensible packet handling mechanism, and can be found with:
iptables/ipchains -- the native Linux firewalling tools,
http://netfilter.samba.org/
tc -- the Traffic control program,
http://www.sparre.dk/pub/linux/tc/
libpcap -- packet capture library,
http://www.tcpdump.org
------------------------------
TCP/IP stacks
Mini TCP/IP stacks.
uIP http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/index.php/Main_Page
lwIP http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/ lwIP is significantly more complex
uC/IP http://sourceforge.net/projects/ucip/ uC/IP - TCP/IP for microcontrollers
Alpine - user space TCP/IP (have source code somewhere)
----------------
> i want to move tcp/ip stack(including routing and
> netfilter) to userspace, my goal is to trace all the
> instructions involved in a firewall and router since i
> don't know how to trace these instructions inside the
> kernel. i want to get something like:
>
> incoming ip packets(a file)-->fake ISR-->tcp/ip
> stack-->outgoing ip packets( to /dev/null).
>
> my question is: is it possible and relatively easy to
> move tcp/ip stack to user space?
This comes up fairly frequently, it might be a good addition to the FAQ.
Here's my attempt at an answer culled from prior messages.
Several people have user-mode network stacks at various levels of
development, but it is *highly* unlikely for them ever to get into
the kernel proper (see the monolithic versus microkernel debate at
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/lkml/#s15-4).
Here are some URLs to which you can refer for more information:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/SRG/netos/arsenic/
http://www.cs.nwu.edu/~pdinda/minet/minet.html
http://www.joerch.org/tcpip/
http://freshmeat.net/projects/libutcp/
However, for security purposes, you probably do not want a user-mode stack.
You want an extensible packet handling mechanism, and can be found with:
iptables/ipchains -- the native Linux firewalling tools,
http://netfilter.samba.org/
tc -- the Traffic control program,
http://www.sparre.dk/pub/linux/tc/
libpcap -- packet capture library,
http://www.tcpdump.org
------------------------------
---------------------
I've started a syncookie fw using a daemon process ???
I do this using the REDIRECT ( ipchains ) / QUEUE ( ipfilter ) targets,
to get the packets to userspace. Once there, you can do what you want
using libpcap or syuscalls.
-------------------------------------------------------
[10] C.A. Thekkath, T.D. Nguyen, E.Moy and E.D.
Lazowska, ‘Implementing Network Protocols at User
Level,’ in Proceedings SIGCOMM 1993,
San Francisco, pp. 64-73, September, 1993.
[13] C. Maeda and B.N. Bershad, ‘Protocol service
decomposition for high-performance networking,’ in
14th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems
Principles, December 1993.
------------------------------------------------------
[15] G.L. Peterson, “Myths about the mutual exclusion
problem,’ in Information Processing Letters, Vol. 12,
No. 3, pp. 115-116, June 1981.
A Appendices
A.1 Peterson’s algorithm
Peterson’s algorithm for mutual exclusion between two
processes is as follows (also see [15]):
Lock()
{
wantAccess[ME]=TRUE;
nextAccess=YOU;
while (wantAccess[YOU] && nextAccess==YOU)
/* Add yield code here */
;
}
Release()
{
wantAccess[ME]=0;
}
A.2 Edwards’ Algorithm
This algorithm for mutual exclusion exploits the fact that
the child process runs at real-time priority and so cannot be
pre-empted by the user process:
Lock()
{
#ifdef CHILD_PROCESS
if (disable_child) {
/* If user process has disabled us
* then we block and wait for him to
* wake us up
*/
child_blocking=TRUE;
WaitOnSemaphoreForWakeup();
}
#else
/* We know child must be blocked at the
* moment (thus not holding lock) as it
* runs as a real-time priority so can
* not be pre-empted
*/
disable_child=TRUE;
#endif
}
Release()
{
#ifdef CHILD_PROCESS
if (wakeup_user_process) {
WakeupSleepingUserProcess();
}
#else
disable_child=FALSE;
if (child_blocking) {
child_blocking=FALSE;
SignalWaitSemaphore();
}
#endif
}
-------------------------------------------
http://www.vzavenue.net/~neelnatu/alpine4linux/alpine4linux.txt
--------------------------------------------------
Neelkanth Natu (neelnatu@yahoo.com)
Hi all,
Alpine4Linux is a userlevel FreeBSD 4.8 networking stack running on top of a stock Linux kernel. It is an implementation of an idea that I came across in a paper[1] by David Ely, Stefan Savage and David Wetherall.
Alpine4Linux consists of a userland server program that runs the FreeBSD kernel code as well as
the unmodified networking stack. Client programs use the Alpine stack by setting the LD_PRELOAD
environment variable to link to libraries, that intercept socket related system calls. These
intercepted system calls are routed to the Alpine server over a TCP connection established on the loopback interface.
Alpine4Linux goes great lengths to ensure that its behavior is identical to that of a FreeBSD
kernel as far as networking is concerned. Thus, in addition to the unmodified FreeBSD stack.
Alpine4Linux also has unmodified socket layer code, file descriptor code, tsleep and wakeup for
e.g. It also has a rich client-side library that supports almost all socket functions as well as
functions like fork() that are commonly used by server programs.
I have tested stock Linux programs like telnet, nmap, ifconfig, vsftpd-1.1.3 etc. against
the Alpine stack. I have only compiled it on a Redhat 8.x Linux box, so if someone manages to run it on another Linux distribution/kernel please let me know.
You can find more information at: http://www.vzavenue.net/~neelnatu/alpine4linux
Hopefully someone finds use for this.
thanks
Neel
[1] Alpine: A user-level infrastructure for network protocol development
David Ely, Stefan Savage, David Wetherall
http://alpine.cs.washington.edu/
----------------------------------------------------------
Application-L evel Protocol Infrastructure for Network Experimentation
alpine_debug.c
Alpine_FreeBSD3x-0.10.tar.gz.
http://web.archive.org/web/20050208075748/http://alpine.cs.washington.edu/distfiles/Alpine_FreeBSD3x-0.10.tar.gz
-----------------------
![]()
![]()
--------------
TCP_congestion_avoidance_algorithm
http://www.cs.arizona.edu/projects/protocols/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Vegas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_congestion_avoidance_algorithm
TCP Tahoe and Reno
TCP Vegas
TCP New Reno
TCP Hybla high-latency terrestrial or satellite radio link
TCP BIC In linux 2.6.8 through 2.6.18
TCP CUBIC In linux since version 2.6.19
Compound TCP (CTCP) is a Microsoft algorithm that is part of the Windows Vista and Window Server 2008 TCP
YeAH TCP - Yet Another Highspeed TCP - Linux
2.6.22
TCP Illinois congestion control. This is an implementation of TCP Illinois invented by Shao Liu at University of Illinois. It is a another variant of Reno which adapts the alpha and beta parameters based on RTT. The basic idea is to increase window less rapidly as delay approaches the maximum. See the papers and talks to get a more complete description
YeAH-TCP congestion control algorithm implementation. YeAH-TCP is a sender-side high-speed enabled TCP congestion control algorithm, which uses a mixed loss/delay approach to compute the congestion window. It's design goals target high efficiency, internal, RTT and Reno fairness, resilience to link loss while keeping network elements load as low as possible. For further details look here: http://wil.cs.caltech.edu/pfldnet2007/paper/YeAH_TCP.pdf
TCP cubic update for 2.6.22. The new version improves on its scalability, fairness and stability. So in all properties, we confirmed it shows better performance
Fastsoft
http://www.fastsoft.com/downloads/FASTTCP-IEEENetwork-0501.pdf
-----------------------------------
http://www.sics.se/~adam/miniweb/
[FIXME: Is there a better file for me to keep this category ?]
web appliances
---------------------------------------
By 1999, the first P2P (peer-to-peer) application called Swarmcast began to blatantly exploit Jacobson’s TCP congestion control mechanism. Using a technique called “parallel incremental downloading”, Swarmcast could grab a much larger share of the pie at the expense of others by exploiting the multi-stream and persistence loophole. These two loopholes would be used by every P2P application since.
I've started a syncookie fw using a daemon process ???
I do this using the REDIRECT ( ipchains ) / QUEUE ( ipfilter ) targets,
to get the packets to userspace. Once there, you can do what you want
using libpcap or syuscalls.
-------------------------------------------------------
[10] C.A. Thekkath, T.D. Nguyen, E.Moy and E.D.
Lazowska, ‘Implementing Network Protocols at User
Level,’ in Proceedings SIGCOMM 1993,
San Francisco, pp. 64-73, September, 1993.
[13] C. Maeda and B.N. Bershad, ‘Protocol service
decomposition for high-performance networking,’ in
14th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems
Principles, December 1993.
------------------------------------------------------
[15] G.L. Peterson, “Myths about the mutual exclusion
problem,’ in Information Processing Letters, Vol. 12,
No. 3, pp. 115-116, June 1981.
A Appendices
A.1 Peterson’s algorithm
Peterson’s algorithm for mutual exclusion between two
processes is as follows (also see [15]):
Lock()
{
wantAccess[ME]=TRUE;
nextAccess=YOU;
while (wantAccess[YOU] && nextAccess==YOU)
/* Add yield code here */
;
}
Release()
{
wantAccess[ME]=0;
}
A.2 Edwards’ Algorithm
This algorithm for mutual exclusion exploits the fact that
the child process runs at real-time priority and so cannot be
pre-empted by the user process:
Lock()
{
#ifdef CHILD_PROCESS
if (disable_child) {
/* If user process has disabled us
* then we block and wait for him to
* wake us up
*/
child_blocking=TRUE;
WaitOnSemaphoreForWakeup();
}
#else
/* We know child must be blocked at the
* moment (thus not holding lock) as it
* runs as a real-time priority so can
* not be pre-empted
*/
disable_child=TRUE;
#endif
}
Release()
{
#ifdef CHILD_PROCESS
if (wakeup_user_process) {
WakeupSleepingUserProcess();
}
#else
disable_child=FALSE;
if (child_blocking) {
child_blocking=FALSE;
SignalWaitSemaphore();
}
#endif
}
-------------------------------------------
http://www.vzavenue.net/~neelnatu/alpine4linux/alpine4linux.txt
--------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 30 May 2003 11:53:23 -0700 (PDT) To: freebsd-net@freebsd.orgnatun@rpi.edu or neelnatu@yahoo.com
Neelkanth Natu (neelnatu@yahoo.com)
Hi all, Alpine4Linux is a userlevel FreeBSD 4.8 networking stack running on top of a stock Linux kernel. It is an implementation of an idea that I came across in a paper[1] by David Ely, Stefan Savage and David Wetherall.
Alpine4Linux consists of a userland server program that runs the FreeBSD kernel code as well as
the unmodified networking stack. Client programs use the Alpine stack by setting the LD_PRELOAD
environment variable to link to libraries, that intercept socket related system calls. These
intercepted system calls are routed to the Alpine server over a TCP connection established on the loopback interface.
Alpine4Linux goes great lengths to ensure that its behavior is identical to that of a FreeBSD
kernel as far as networking is concerned. Thus, in addition to the unmodified FreeBSD stack.
Alpine4Linux also has unmodified socket layer code, file descriptor code, tsleep and wakeup for
e.g. It also has a rich client-side library that supports almost all socket functions as well as
functions like fork() that are commonly used by server programs.
I have tested stock Linux programs like telnet, nmap, ifconfig, vsftpd-1.1.3 etc. against
the Alpine stack. I have only compiled it on a Redhat 8.x Linux box, so if someone manages to run it on another Linux distribution/kernel please let me know.
You can find more information at: http://www.vzavenue.net/~neelnatu/alpine4linux
Hopefully someone finds use for this.
thanks
Neel
[1] Alpine: A user-level infrastructure for network protocol development
David Ely, Stefan Savage, David Wetherall
http://alpine.cs.washington.edu/
----------------------------------------------------------
Application-L evel Protocol Infrastructure for Network Experimentation
alpine_debug.c
Alpine_FreeBSD3x-0.10.tar.gz.
http://web.archive.org/web/20050208075748/http://alpine.cs.washington.edu/distfiles/Alpine_FreeBSD3x-0.10.tar.gz
-----------------------
TCP_congestion_avoidance_algorithm
http://www.cs.arizona.edu/projects/protocols/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Vegas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_congestion_avoidance_algorithm
TCP Tahoe and Reno
TCP Vegas
TCP New Reno
TCP Hybla high-latency terrestrial or satellite radio link
TCP BIC In linux 2.6.8 through 2.6.18
TCP CUBIC In linux since version 2.6.19
Compound TCP (CTCP) is a Microsoft algorithm that is part of the Windows Vista and Window Server 2008 TCP
YeAH TCP - Yet Another Highspeed TCP - Linux
2.6.22
TCP Illinois congestion control. This is an implementation of TCP Illinois invented by Shao Liu at University of Illinois. It is a another variant of Reno which adapts the alpha and beta parameters based on RTT. The basic idea is to increase window less rapidly as delay approaches the maximum. See the papers and talks to get a more complete description
YeAH-TCP congestion control algorithm implementation. YeAH-TCP is a sender-side high-speed enabled TCP congestion control algorithm, which uses a mixed loss/delay approach to compute the congestion window. It's design goals target high efficiency, internal, RTT and Reno fairness, resilience to link loss while keeping network elements load as low as possible. For further details look here: http://wil.cs.caltech.edu/pfldnet2007/paper/YeAH_TCP.pdf
TCP cubic update for 2.6.22. The new version improves on its scalability, fairness and stability. So in all properties, we confirmed it shows better performance
Fastsoft
http://www.fastsoft.com/downloads/FASTTCP-IEEENetwork-0501.pdf
-----------------------------------
http://www.sics.se/~adam/miniweb/
web-enabled embedded systems
Many devices (printers, etc.) now use not just standard Internet Protocol but have a small web server embedded in them for input and to indicate status rather than using floppy disks or LCD panels or tiny little keyboards or other proprietary communication protocols.[FIXME: Is there a better file for me to keep this category ?]
web appliances
- Stanford University Wearable Computing Laboratory World's Smallest Operational Web Server (to date) http://wearables.stanford.edu/
- Embedded Ethernet: vendors that have Ethernet on their microcontrollers. http://microcontroller.com/EmbeddedSystems.asp?c=21
- ~$77 USD http://www.dontronics.com/projecsystems.htmlsmall, solid-state Web server with 32k nonvolatile memory, 2 A/D inputs for 0-5v measurement, etc. recommends _TCP/IP Lean: Web Servers for Embedded Systems_ book by Jeremy Bentham.
- Tiny TCP/Tiny WEB Servers/etc. http://unusualresearch.com/tinytcp/tinytcp.htm
- Embedded systems as web servers(!) see _Personal Engineering_ http://www.pein.com/1996 Dec p. 8 "The shrinking Web server" article by Russ Lindgren;
- Connecting an M68HC08 Family Microcontroller to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) Using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) http://e-www.motorola.com/brdata/PDFDB/docs/AN2120.pdf
- TINI: Tiny InterNet Interface http://www.ibutton.com/TINI/
- embedded web server http://www.jumptec.de/"world's smallest web server" looks like it's slightly smaller than a deck of playing cards.
- ``An Embeddable HTTP Server: Web-enabling embedded devices'' article by M. Tim Jones _Dr. Dobb's Journal_ October 2001 http://www.ddjembedded.com/resources/articles/2001/0110h/0110h.htm
- http://www.suroot.net/html/article.php?sid=87&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0`` uIP ... is probably the smallest TCP/IP stack ever written in a high level language. uIP is written in the C programming language and the source code is free to distribute and use for both non-commercial and commercial use (the full BSD-style license is here). Follow the link near the bottom of the page for a c64 running as a web server. '' http://sourceforge.net/projects/ucip/
- IPic - A Match Head Sized Web-Server http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPic.html"this chip includes a web-server, which I do believe to be the smallest web-server -- in physical size as well as in code-size. " (has lots of links to other small embedded web servers, including one that runs on the C64)
- uWebserver http://www.mycal.net/wsweb/
- An Internet Oven Monitor by Bill Eichin http://www.elecdesign.com/Pages/magpages/dec1799/ifd/1217ifd1.htm
I hear "netcat" could be useful. ftp://avian.org/src/hacks/nc110.tgz
Other than Apache, http://www.imatix.com/also has a free web server. Lots of open source software here.
anonymous proxy server in 100 lines of Perl http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/websoft/libwww-perl/archive/1996h2/0404.html
- http://www.barnnetwork.com/barnnet/has a embedded system that displays status via the web.
- the article '$25 Web Server' on www.circuitcellar.com/online ???
- Embedded Internet Workshop http://www.circuitcellar.com/eiw_proc/proceedings.htmEmbedded Web Servers
- Atmel Corp. http://www.atmel.com/and emWare Inc. http://www.emware.com/are integrating emWare's EMIT (Embedded Micro Internetworking Technology) software with Atmel's 8 bit Flash AVR microcontrollers ... so "developers can quickly create Internet-enabled embedded networks for AVR-controlled electronic devices ... user interfaces can be a ... standard web browser ... through a remote web server, a directly connected laptop, or a PDA." -- from article in _Electronic Design_ http://www.elecdesign.com/1998-11-01.
- Patriot Scientific Corporation http://www.ptsc.com/interesting radar systems, designed native Java "shBoom(tm) microprocessor for "embedded web servers". http://www.circuitcellar.com/articles/misc/tom-92.pdf
- http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/story/story_2363.htmlweb-enabled embedded systems
- QNX Software Systems Ltd. (QSSL) a demo that fits a full HTML 3.2 browser, POSIX-certified real-time OS, windowing system, TCP/IP, embedded Web server, Internet dialer, text editor, file browser and other applications onto a single, self-booting 1.44 MB floppy. ... using less than 2 MB of RAM and 4 MB of ROM ... You can download the demo from Internet Appliance Toolkit (AIT) http://www.qnx.com/iat... the Odin Reference Design Kit "all the hardware you need ... NTSC TV and SVGA monitor out, PC Card socket ... fax/modem, Ethernet, ... schematics ... bill of material ... to build a full-featured Internet appliance for under $200 ... with Odin and the AIT" ... Odin from National Semiconductor http://www.national.com/ns486... -- from advertisement in _Computer Design_ http://www.computer-design.com/1997 Nov
- U S Software http://www.ussw.com/Hillsboro, OR sells TCP/IP protocol suite for many embedded processors.
---------------------------------------
Fixing the Unfairness of TCP Congestion Control
"George Ou, Technical Director of ZDNet, has an analysis today of an engineering proposal to address congestion issues on the internet. It's an interesting read, with sections such as "The politicization of an engineering problem" and "Dismantling the dogma of flow rate fairness". Short and long term answers are suggested, along with some examples of what incentives it might take to get this to work. Whichever side of the neutrality debate you're on, this is worth consideration."By 1999, the first P2P (peer-to-peer) application called Swarmcast began to blatantly exploit Jacobson’s TCP congestion control mechanism. Using a technique called “parallel incremental downloading”, Swarmcast could grab a much larger share of the pie at the expense of others by exploiting the multi-stream and persistence loophole. These two loopholes would be used by every P2P application since.
Mobile-ITX new super small PC motherboard form factor
This is a new standard PC motherboard form factor that is almost the same size as a cell phone.
http://www.linuxdevices.com/
Via CEO Wenchi Chen revealed a business card-sized motherboard billed as the "world's first industry-standard form-factor for PC/phone convergence," at Computex today. The "mobile-ITX" board measures 3 x 1.8 inches -- half the size of Via's "pico-ITX" form-factor -- and runs Linux or Windows XP Embedded.
The mobile-ITX board that Chen demonstrated this morning appears to be based on a 1GHz "C7-S" processor -- apparently a standard Via C7-M shoe-horned into a 9 x 11mm package. The chip had not previously been announced. The mobile-ITX board also apparently uses an "S" (small) version of the CX700 integrated north-/south-bridge chipset. And, it appears to have an on-board DC-DC converter. Additionally, according to Via, the board includes a CDMA baseband processor chip, suggesting that the mobile-ITX board could be used as the basis for x86-compatible smartphones.
According to a brief item at EpiaCenter, Via's mobile-ITX board will be available with 256MB or 512MB of RAM soldered on-board, and will run Linux or Windows XP Embedded. Even an embedded version of Windows Vista may be too much for the little board, however, a Via spokesperson admits.
Chen stated, "This prototype Mobile-ITX gives a glimpse into the future of ultra mobile devices and the real convergence of computing and communications. Yet this is only the start. We see the platform shrinking still further, with ever richer blends of functionality, that will truly make ultra mobility the normal way of enjoying our content and our communications."
http://www.linuxdevices.com/
Via CEO Wenchi Chen revealed a business card-sized motherboard billed as the "world's first industry-standard form-factor for PC/phone convergence," at Computex today. The "mobile-ITX" board measures 3 x 1.8 inches -- half the size of Via's "pico-ITX" form-factor -- and runs Linux or Windows XP Embedded.
Via's mobile-ITX board prototype
(Click to enlarge)
(Click to enlarge)
The mobile-ITX board that Chen demonstrated this morning appears to be based on a 1GHz "C7-S" processor -- apparently a standard Via C7-M shoe-horned into a 9 x 11mm package. The chip had not previously been announced. The mobile-ITX board also apparently uses an "S" (small) version of the CX700 integrated north-/south-bridge chipset. And, it appears to have an on-board DC-DC converter. Additionally, according to Via, the board includes a CDMA baseband processor chip, suggesting that the mobile-ITX board could be used as the basis for x86-compatible smartphones.
Motorola phone compared to mobile-ITX
According to a brief item at EpiaCenter, Via's mobile-ITX board will be available with 256MB or 512MB of RAM soldered on-board, and will run Linux or Windows XP Embedded. Even an embedded version of Windows Vista may be too much for the little board, however, a Via spokesperson admits.
Chen stated, "This prototype Mobile-ITX gives a glimpse into the future of ultra mobile devices and the real convergence of computing and communications. Yet this is only the start. We see the platform shrinking still further, with ever richer blends of functionality, that will truly make ultra mobility the normal way of enjoying our content and our communications."
Marketing Manager Tim Brown with Via's NanoBook UMPC reference design, and CEO Chen with mobile-ITX prototype
(Click to enlarge)
(Click to enlarge)
Given that Chen positioned mobile-ITX as an "industry standard," lots of technical specifications about the form-factor should become available shortly. Meanwhile, EpiaCenter has posted a few photos, and a video, here.
make depends
Dependency Management
The irony of Makehttp://www.ddj.com/linux-open-
Advanced Auto-Dependency Generation
http://make.paulandlesley.org/
The irony of Makehttp://www.ddj.com/linux-open-
Advanced Auto-Dependency Generation
http://make.paulandlesley.org/
The Linux Kernel API
Documentation on many of the kernel API calls, with some searching I Found some excellent pages on this.
http://www.gnugeneration.com/
http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/
http://kernelnewbies.org/
http://www.
Linux USB drivers — Understanding and developing Linux USB drivers
Embedded Linux optimizations — Optimizing the Linux kernel and applications for speed, size, RAM, power and cost.
http://free-electrons.com/
Advanced Linux Programming
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/
http://www.gnugeneration.com/
http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/
http://kernelnewbies.org/
http://www.
Linux USB drivers — Understanding and developing Linux USB drivers
Embedded Linux optimizations — Optimizing the Linux kernel and applications for speed, size, RAM, power and cost.
http://free-electrons.com/
Advanced Linux Programming
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/
millisecond tick in C++
To compile run
g++ -l pthread -o millisecondtick millisecondtick.cpp
Turned out I had to use one static member function to jump off onto another to get up and running.
g++ -l pthread -o millisecondtick millisecondtick.cpp
Turned out I had to use one static member function to jump off onto another to get up and running.
/* millisecondtick.cpp
* Creates Millisecond Tick
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include "millisecondtick.h"
MilliSecond_Tick::MilliSecond_Tick(){
Running = FALSE;
};
void* MilliSecond_Tick::runx(void *pMilliSecond_Tick){
((MilliSecond_Tick*)pMilliSecond_Tick)->run(NULL);
}
int MilliSecond_Tick::start( pFnVoid func ){
pFnVoidVoid prun;
prun = runx;
if (MilliSecond_Tick::Running != FALSE){
printf("Error MilliSecond_Tick already started, can not start second instance\n");
return 0 ;
}
callback = func;
pthread_create(&tid, NULL, prun , this);
Running = TRUE;
return 0;
}
void MilliSecond_Tick::stop(){
MilliSecond_Tick::Running = FALSE;
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
}
void MilliSecond_Tick::tick(){
(*callback)();
}
void* MilliSecond_Tick::run(void * nothing){
struct sched_param sparam;
sparam.sched_priority = sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_FIFO);
if (pthread_setschedparam(pthread_self(), SCHED_FIFO, &sparam) == 0) {
// success, this application has sufficient privileges
}
else {
// setting priority failed, probably due to insufficient privieges
}
for (;;) { // for-ever loop of the ticker thread
static const struct timespec nanowait = {0, 0*1000*1000}; // 1 ms
nanosleep(&nanowait, (struct timespec *)0);
if (Running == FALSE){
break;
}
tick();
}
}
void tickss( ){
static int x = 0, y = 0;
x++;
if (x > 1000){
x = 0;
y++;
printf(">%d\n",y);
}
}
int main(){
MilliSecond_Tick cmt;
cmt.start(&tickss );
sleep(10);
cmt.stop();
} // millisecondtick.h
#include
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
typedef void(*pFnVoid)();
typedef void*(*pFnVoidVoid)( void *);
class MilliSecond_Tick
{
private:
int Running;
pFnVoid callback;
pthread_t tid;
static void *runx(void *pMilliSecond_Tick);
void tick();
public:
MilliSecond_Tick();
~MilliSecond_Tick(){};
int start( pFnVoid func ) ;
void stop();
void * run(void * nothing);
};
Wednesday, September 30, 2009
Virtual Hosting and other hosting.
http://www.tektonic.net/ is offering Linux hosting starting at $15 a month. You get to be root on your own virtual server.
starts at 20Gig, disk space seem very expensive from them as you expand.
I am running 2 Co-Lo's now on FreeBSD. They never have problems, but it's an interesting prospect to get a virtual server, one of my friends is moving off the free Colo to one, basically because it offers compartmentalization for his customers.
IPOWERWEB offers dedicated server hosting for $129 a month
But they offer regular FreeBSD web hosting through there GUI interface for $5.95 a month, I have a program on source forge rtelnet that allows you to open shell access on there web hosting accounts but there isn't much you can do on there boxes. Still it will run FreeBSD binaries that you can compile at home and upload to the CGI dir.
Other interesting crap to put on the virtual server.
FROM Wiki - Fetchmail is an open-source software utility for POSIX-compliant operating systems which is used to retrieve e-mail from a remote POP3, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR mail server to the user's local system. It was developed from the popclient program, written by Carl Harris. Its chief significance is perhaps that its author, Eric S. Raymond, used it as a model to discuss his theories of open source software development in a widely-read and influential essay on software development methodologies, The Cathedral and the Bazaar.
Web GUI mail packages (it's PHP)
http://www.horde.org/
http://www.horde.org/imp/
Horde is a PHP-based Web application framework.
It offers applications such as the Horde IMP email client, a groupware package (calendar, notes, tasks, file manager), a wiki and a time and task tracking software.
starts at 20Gig, disk space seem very expensive from them as you expand.
I am running 2 Co-Lo's now on FreeBSD. They never have problems, but it's an interesting prospect to get a virtual server, one of my friends is moving off the free Colo to one, basically because it offers compartmentalization for his customers.
IPOWERWEB offers dedicated server hosting for $129 a month
But they offer regular FreeBSD web hosting through there GUI interface for $5.95 a month, I have a program on source forge rtelnet that allows you to open shell access on there web hosting accounts but there isn't much you can do on there boxes. Still it will run FreeBSD binaries that you can compile at home and upload to the CGI dir.
NOTE: I deliberately put a very simple bug in rtelnet to keep out the kiddies. It's really easy to fix. But I just don't want this to get misused by people that are really clueless.
Other interesting crap to put on the virtual server.
FROM Wiki - Fetchmail is an open-source software utility for POSIX-compliant operating systems which is used to retrieve e-mail from a remote POP3, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR mail server to the user's local system. It was developed from the popclient program, written by Carl Harris. Its chief significance is perhaps that its author, Eric S. Raymond, used it as a model to discuss his theories of open source software development in a widely-read and influential essay on software development methodologies, The Cathedral and the Bazaar.
Web GUI mail packages (it's PHP)
http://www.horde.org/
http://www.horde.org/imp/
Horde is a PHP-based Web application framework.
It offers applications such as the Horde IMP email client, a groupware package (calendar, notes, tasks, file manager), a wiki and a time and task tracking software.
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